Waɗanne nau'ikan Zodiak ake da su: cikakken jagora

Zodiak tsari ne na ɓangarori 12 na ecliptic, wanda ake amfani da shi don bayyana matsayin halittun sama. A cikin dubban shekaru na tarihi, an kafa tsarin zodiak da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta sosai daga juna, kowannensu yana da logik, manufa da yanayin al'adu nasa. A wannan kasida za mu duba waɗanne nau'ikan Zodiak ake da su, yadda suka bambanta da yadda aka samu.

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Yaushe kuma yaya Zodiak ya zo ya kasance

Asali

An rubuta tsarin raba sararin sama na farko a Mesopotamia (Babila, Sumer) a wajen karni na 5–4 kafin haihuwar Yesu (BC). Firistoci masana falaki na Babila sun raba hanyar da rana ke bayyana (ecliptic) zuwa ɓangarori 12 daidai na 30°, suka ɗaure kowane ɓangare ga mafi kusancin ƙungiyar taurari (constellation).

Me ya sa aka ƙirƙiri Zodiak

• Kalandar noma. Matsayin rana a wani ɓangare ya nuna lokutan shuka da girbi.
• Manufar addini da al'ada. Firistoci sun san kwana masu kyau don bukukuwa.
• Kewayawa ta falaki. Zodiak ya zama grid ɗin tsarawa don bin motsi na taurari masu kewayawa.
• Aikin tsinkaya. Tun daga karni na 7 BC, horoscope na farko na mutum ɗaya ya bayyana a Babila.

Muhimman matakai

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Waɗanne sauye-sauye Zodiak ya sha kuma me ya sa

1. Daga ƙungiyoyin taurari zuwa alamomi

Da farko Zodiak ya ɗaure ga ainihin ƙungiyoyin taurari, waɗanda tsawonsu ya bambanta (Virgo — 44°, Scorpio — 7°, Ophiuchus — 18°). Babiloniya, sannan Girka, suka daidaita rabon zuwa 12 × 30° don sauƙin lissafi. Don haka "alamar" ta daina yin daidai da "ƙungiyar taurari".

2. Precession na daidaitowar rana da dare

Saboda precession na kusurwar duniya (kimanin shekara 25,800 don cikakkin zagaye), matsayin daidaitowar bazara yana motsawa dangane da taurari da kimanin 1° a kowace shekara 72. A yanzu bambancin tsakanin zodiak na tropical da na sidereal ya kai kusan ≈24°. Wannan ya zama babban dalilin rarrabuwa zuwa nau'ikan zodiak na astroloji guda biyu.

3. Daidaitawa ta al'adu

Lokacin da ya watsu zuwa Indiya, China, Masar, ƙasashen Celtic da Slavic, an sake fassara Zodiak ta tatsuniyoyi, kalanda da tsarin ƙidayar gida, wanda ya haifar da al'adun zodiak masu zaman kansu.

4. Keɓe Ophiuchus

A shekarar 1930 Kungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Astronomical (IAU) ta amince da iyakokin ƙungiyoyin taurari a hukumance. Rana tana wucewa ta ƙungiyoyin taurari 13 (ciki har da Ophiuchus), duk da haka a astroloji na gargajiya an kiyaye alamomi 12 — daidai da yawan watanni kuma don kiyaye daidaito.

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Manyan nau'ikan Zodiak

1. Zodiak na tropical (na Yamma)

• Ka'ida: ɗaurewa ga wuraren daidaitowar rana da dare da kuma tsayawar rana, ba ga taurari ba. 0° na Aries = matsayin daidaitowar bazara.
• Inda ake amfani da shi: astroloji na Yamma, wanda ya shahara a Turai, Amurka da Rasha.
• Alamomi: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces.
• Ƙwarewa: ba ya la'akari da precession; "alamar" ɓangare ne na yanayi, ba ƙungiyar taurari ba.

2. Zodiak na sidereal (na taurari)

• Ka'ida: ɗaurewa ga ainihin matsayin ƙungiyoyin taurari a sama. Yana la'akari da precession ta hanyar gyara — ayanamsha (≈24° a 2025).
• Inda ake amfani da shi: astroloji na Vedic (Jyotish), al'adar Hindu.
• Bambanci da na tropical: alamarka a Jyotish yawanci tana "baya" da alama ɗaya dangane da na Yamma. Misali, Leo na Yamma → Cancer na Vedic.

3. Zodiak na China

• Ka'ida: zagayawa na shekara 12, kowace shekara tana da dabba da abu (element). Ya dogara da kalandar wata-rana (lunisolar).
• Dabbobin: bera, sa, damisar kankana (tiger), zomo, dodon (dragon), maciji, doki, akuya, biri, zakara, kare, alade.
• Abubuwa (elements): itace, wuta, ƙasa, ƙarfe, ruwa (zagayowar abubuwa 5 × dabbobi 12 = shekara 60).
• Bambanci: ba ya bayyana matsayin rana a ecliptic, sai dai shekarar haihuwa.

4. Zodiak na Celtic (na Druids)

• Ka'ida: ɓangarori 13 da aka ɗaure ga itatuwa da kalandar wata.
• Misalin alamomi: Birch, Rowan, Ash, Alder, Willow, Hawthorn, Oak da sauransu.
• Bambanci: bisa yanayin wata (lunar phases) da itatuwa masu tsarki na Druids, ba ecliptic ba.

5. Zodiak na Masar

• Ka'ida: alamomi 12 waɗanda suka ɗaure ga alloli da kuma decans (decans 3 na kwanaki 10 a kowace alama).
• Misalai: Nile, Amon-Ra, Mut, Geb, Osiris, Isis, Thoth, Horus, Anubis, Set, Bastet, Sekhmet.
• Bambanci: yana haɗe sosai da rukunin alloli na addini (pantheon) da kuma decans 36.

6. Zodiak na Zoroastrian (na Farisa)

• Ka'ida: alamomi 12, amma yana nanata haɗin kai da dabbobin totem da abun wuta. Ana amfani da shi a al'adar kalandar tsohuwar Iran.

7. Zodiak na astroloji na Maya

• Ka'ida: kalandar al'ada ta kwanaki 260 (Tzolkin) + kalandar rana ta kwanaki 365 (Haab). Alamomin sun ɗaure ga ranaku, ba ga watanni ba.
• Bambanci: ba 12 ba, sai dai alamomin rana 20 × lambobi 13.

8. Zodiak na Slavic (na arna)

• Ka'ida: sake ginawa a kan tushen da'irar Kolyada da allolin watanni 12 na Slavic (Kolyada, Veles, Yarilo da sauransu).
• Matsayinsa: ba tsarin da aka rubuta a tarihi ba ne kamar yadda ake buga shi a kafofin shahararru; da yawa daga cikinsa sake ginawa ne na zamani.

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Teburin kwatanta nau'ikan Zodiak

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FAQ: tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da Zodiak

Me ya sa alamarka ta Zodiak a astroloji na Vedic ta bambanta da ta Yamma?

Domin zodiak na tropical ya ɗaure ga matsayin daidaitowar bazara, yayin da na sidereal ke ɗaure ga ainihin ƙungiyoyin taurari. Saboda precession, bambancin ya kai kusan 24°, kuma alamar ku tana koma baya da ɗaya.

Ƙungiyoyin taurari nawa ne a Zodiak — 12 ko 13?

Ta ilimin falaki, rana tana wucewa ta ƙungiyoyin taurari 13 (ciki har da Ophiuchus). Duk da haka a al'adar astroloji tun zamanin Babila an kafa alamomi 12 na 30°, kuma Ophiuchus ba ya cikin su.

Wannen nau'in Zodiak ne «madaidaici»?

Babu wannen da yake daidai gaba ɗaya. Zodiak na tropical da na sidereal sun dogara ga wurare daban-daban na falaki kuma suna warware ayyuka daban-daban. Na China, na Celtic da sauran tsarin samfuran al'adu masu zaman kansu ne, waɗanda ba za a iya rage su ga zodiak na ecliptic ba.

Menene bambanci tsakanin alamar Zodiak da ƙungiyar taurari?

Alamar Zodiak ɓangare ne daidai na ecliptic mai tsawo na 30°, wanda ake amfani da shi a astroloji. Ƙungiyar taurari ƙungiya ce ta gaske na taurari a sama mai iyakoki na al'ada. Alamomi da ƙungiyoyin taurari sun yi daidai a wajen karni na 5 BC; a yanzu sun bambanta saboda precession.

Yaushe Zodiak zai canza?

Tsarin zodiak a matsayin kayan aikin al'adu da astroloji ba shi da «ranar ƙarewa». Ta falaki, matsayin daidaitowar rana da dare zai ci gaba da motsawa: bayan kimanin shekara 2,150 zai ƙaura daga Pisces zuwa Aquarius (wanda ake kira «Zamanin Aquarius»). Wannan ba ya shafar tsarin alamomi 12.

Shin Zodiak ya wanzu a Musulunci ko Kiristanci?

Ba a yin aikin astroloji na zodiak a cikin matattunan matani na addinan Ibrahimiyawa. Duk da haka, a kimiyyar Musulunci ta zamanin tsaka (al-Biruni, Abu Ma'shar) ana amfani da rarrabuwar zodiak a falaki da astroloji na likitanci. A al'adar Kiristanci, ƙirar alamomi 12 a wasu lokuta ana samun su a ƙawata gidajen ibada a matsayin nuni ga manzanni 12.

Yaya zodiak na China ya bambanta da na Yamma?

Zodiak na Yamma yana raba shekara zuwa watanni 12 bisa matsayin rana a ecliptic. Zodiak na China yana ba kowace shekara dabba da abu (element) a cikin zagayowar shekara 60 kuma ya ɗaure ga sabuwar shekarar wata (ƙarshen Janairu — Fabrairu).

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Taƙaitawa

Zodiak ba tsarin guda ɗaya ba ne, sai dai dangin samfuran al'adu da falaki. Na tropical da na sidereal suna aiki da ecliptic amma sun bambanta saboda precession. Na China, Celtic, Masar, Maya da sauran nau'ikan suna amfani da ka'idodin kalandar da tatsuniyoyi na kansu. Zaɓin nau'in ya dogara da al'ada, manufa (astroloji, kalandar, alamar) da kuma sha'awar mutum.

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Haka kuma karanta: zodiak kafin shekara ta 500 BC, inda za a sami cikakken rubutun «Enuma Anu Enlil» da «MUL.APIN», waɗanne nau'ikan tsarin zodiak ake da su.