Menene zagayen yanayin wata
Takaitaccen amsa: yanayin wata su ne yadda rabin watan da rana ta haskaka yake daga Duniya. Cikakken zagaye (watan haɗuwa) yana ɗaukar kwanaki 29.53: daga jinjirin wata ta farkon kwata da cikakken wata zuwa kwata na ƙarshe.
Wata ba ya haskaka da kansa — yana mayar da hasken rana ne. Yanayi kawai abin da muke gani ne na rabin watan da rana ta haskaka daga Duniya a wata rana. Mu bi cikakken zagaye mataki-mataki.
Me ya sa yanayi suke wanzuwa?
Ka yi tunanin ƙwallaye uku: Rana tana haskakawa, Duniya tana kallo, wata yana zagayen Duniya. Rana kullum daidai rabin ƙwallon wata take haskakawa. Amma kusurwar da muke kallon wannan rabin mai haske tana canzawa kowace rana:
- Wata yana haɗuwa da rana a tsawon ecliptic → rabin mai haske ya juya baya gare mu → jinjirin wata (~0%).
- Wata yana hamayya da rana a tsawon ecliptic → rabin mai haske ya fuskante mu → cikakken wata (~100%).
- Matsayi tsakani → ƙananan jinjiri, kwatoci, masu kumbura.
Watan kanta ba ya canzawa — kallon kawai yake canzawa.
Yanayi 8 na zagaye
Cikakken zagaye an raba shi zuwa yanayi 8. A tebur — jeri daga jinjirin wata:
| # | Yanayi | Haske | Abin da ake gani |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jinjirin wata | ~0% | Ba a ganin wata |
| 2 | Ƙaramin jinjiri mai girma | 0–50% | Siririn jinjiri a dama (a Arewacin Duniya) |
| 3 | Kwata na farko | ~50% | Rabin dama na faifan |
| 4 | Mai kumbura mai girma | 50–100% | Fiye da rabi, yana girma |
| 5 | Cikakken wata | 100% | Cikakken faifa |
| 6 | Mai kumbura mai raguwa | 100–50% | Fiye da rabi, yana raguwa |
| 7 | Kwata na ƙarshe | ~50% | Rabin hagu na faifan |
| 8 | Ƙaramin jinjiri mai raguwa | 50–0% | Siririn jinjiri a hagu, yana narkewa zuwa jinjiri |
Ana kiran kwatoci haka saboda wata yana tafiyar kusan kwata (na farko) ko kwata uku (na ƙarshe) na zagayen haɗuwa; tsawonsa na ecliptic ya bambanta da na rana da kusan 90° — gabas a kwata na farko, yamma a na ƙarshe.
Watan haɗuwa: kwanaki 29.53
Lokaci daga jinjiri ɗaya zuwa na gaba — watan haɗuwa — a matsakaici kwanaki 29.53 ne. Ya fi watan taurari tsayi (kwanaki 27.32 — zagaye dangane da taurari), saboda Duniya kanta tana matsawa a madarinta a kusa da rana, wata kuma sai ya «cika» lissafin jinjiri.
Shi ya sa:
- ranakun cikakken wata sun bambanta kowace shekara;
- wani lokaci cikakken wata biyu na faruwa a watan kalanda ɗaya (na biyu ana kiransa «blue Moon»);
- kalandar wata ba ta daidai da ta rana — a shekara bambancin ~kwanaki 11 yana taruwa.
Wata mai girma da mai raguwa
- Mai girma (waxing) — daga jinjiri zuwa cikakke. Kowane yamma jinjiri yana kauri. A Arewacin Duniya gefen dama ne mai haske.
- Mai raguwa (waning) — daga cikakke zuwa jinjiri. Kowane safiya faifan yana siriri. Gefen hagu ne mai haske.
A Kudancin Duniya hoton madubi ne — wannan dalili ne akai-akai na ruɗani a ƙa'idodin haddacewa.
Shekarun wata
Shekarun wata adadin kwanakin da suka wuce tun jinjiri na ƙarshe ne (0–29.5). Jinjiri — shekaru ~0, kwata na farko — ~7.4, cikakke — ~14.8, kwata na ƙarshe — ~22.1 kwanaki. A lunar.day katin rana yana nuna lambar ranar wata; shekarun falaki abu ne daban.
Yadda ake kallon yanayi a lunar.day
A shafin garinku kuna ganin yanayin yanzu, kaso haske da lambar ranar wata. Shafin moon/phase/[rana] yana ba da ƙima ga kowace rana kuma yana taimakawa tabbatar da ranar kowane babban yanayi.
Ƙarshe
Yanayi su ne ganin rabin wata mai haske daga Duniya. Zagayen yanayi 8 yana ɗaukar kwanaki 29.53: jinjiri → girma zuwa cikakke → raguwa zuwa jinjiri na gaba. Da sanin yanayi, haske da lambar ranar wata, kuna karanta kowace ranar kalandar wata.
Abubuwan da suka danganta
Jinjirin wata: menene kuma me ya sa ba a ganin wata
Takaitaccen amsa: jinjirin wata yanayi ne da wata yake tsakanin rana da Duniya kuma rabin mai haske ya juya baya gare mu. Ba a ganin faifan, a sararan dare marasa wata yawanci dare mafi duhu ne a wata.
Cikakken wata: menene, super wata da tasiri a dare
Takaitaccen amsa: cikakken wata shine lokacin da Duniya ke tsakanin Rana da Wata kuma dukkan faifan yana da haske. Wata yana fitowa kusa da faɗuwar rana kuma yawanci yana sararin sama duk dare har zuwa asuba.
Hasken wata, shekarunsa da nisansa: ma'anar alamomi
Amsa a takaice: haske shi ne rabon faifai da ake gani da hasken Rana ya mamaye (0–100%); shekarun falaki lokaci ne tun sabon wata; nisa hanya ce zuwa wata. Alamomi ne daban-daban: suna taimakawa wajen bayyana mataki, matsayi a zagayowa da girman gani, amma ba sa cikakken kayyade yanayin lura.